欧洲中世纪书籍装帧的设计语义

设计语义是研究设计语言的意义的学问.研究中世纪书籍装帧中的设计语义,有助于了解这种形成于被认为是黑暗的、毫无人性化的时代中形成的书籍装帧形式为什么可以在印刷时代被继续沿用,并从中获得启发.     

A text categorisation tool for open source communities based on semantic analysis

Open source software (OSS) projects are supported by communities interacting through software repositories and mailing lists. Thousands of contributors participate in the development of the projects although they rarely meet each other. The result is a huge archived repository with thousands of questions, answers and contributions usually difficult to explore. We propose a tool based on semantic analysis for both performing an automatic knowledge discovery and a categorisation of the content of mailing lists repositories. Semantic analysis is a practical method for extracting and inferring relations of words in passages of discourse, producing measures of relations among words or passages that are well correlated with semantic similarity. The objective of this article is two-fold: (1) to develop a text categorisation tool based on indexing terms and semantic annotation, and (2) to apply the developed tool to extract the main dimensions related to knowledge sharing activities in virtual communities. Debian Linux ports to embedded processors are used as a case study to accomplish the proposed double objective.     

Idiom literality judgments in younger and older adults: Age-related effects in resolving semantic interference.

To study age effects in the resolution of idiomatic semantic ambiguity, we focus on decomposability, the extent to which a literal reading of an idiom's words shares meaning with its figurative interpretation. Younger and older adults judged whether decomposable and nondecomposable idioms and nonidioms had a literal interpretation. Older adults were slower at making literality judgments and more sensitive to conflicts between literal and figurative meanings. The results support claims of decompositional analysis of idioms during later processing stages and of obligatory activation of figurative meanings. They also lend support to research that has shown age-related effects in ambiguity resolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

m-Brand loyalty and post-adoption variations for the mobile data services: Gender differences

This paper uses the value brand model in an attempt to determine the factors affecting post-adoption intentions through brand loyalty for the mobile data services. Data were collected online from 1266 respondents. The structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. The results show that post-adoption intentions are directly influenced by intangible attributes. Product deliverables and intangible attributes indirectly affect post-adoption intentions via m-brand loyalty. However, the results of current research do not show any effects of price on post-adoption intentions. The results also show genders differences in post-adoption intentions. Practical suggestions are provided. This paper advances our knowledge of post-adoption variations in business–consumer contexts and mobile business from the perspectives of utilitarian and non-utilitarian values of the mobile data services. This paper also contributes to the theory of post-adoption by offering across-gender examination.     

Semantic cuing and the scale insensitivity of recency and contiguity.

In recalling a set of previously experienced events, people exhibit striking effects of recency, contiguity, and similarity: Recent items tend to be recalled best and first, and items that were studied in neighboring positions or that are similar to one another in some other way tend to evoke one another during recall. Effects of recency and contiguity have most often been investigated in tasks that require people to recall random word lists. Similarity effects have most often been studied in tasks that require people to recall categorized word lists. Here we examine recency and contiguity effects in lists composed of items drawn from 3 distinct taxonomic categories and in which items from a given category are temporally separated from one another by items from other categories, all of which are tested for recall. We find evidence for long-term recency and for long-range contiguity, bolstering support for temporally sensitive models of memory and highlighting the importance of understanding the interaction between temporal and semantic information during memory search. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Meaning of words and the use of axiomatics in psychological theory.

Two problems are discussed: Can and should psychological concepts be defined, and can and should they be organized in an axiomatic system? I point out that definitions in terms of physiological or behavioral measures are strictly impossible because any particular measure can mean anything, whereas phenomenological definitions always point to antecedents and consequents. I then point out that definitions of antecedents and consequents can be given either in terms of causes or in terms of reasons, and that causes and reasons belong to two incompatible languages. Causes exist independently of persons and reasons exist only for persons. Only the latter belong to psychology, as I see it. The working of the system of psycho-logic is illustrated by an analysis of the conditions of trust. I conclude that psychological terms should be defined by means of semantic primitives, and that one should try to organize them in an axiomatic system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于属性关联的关系数据库推理审计方法

传统的审计方法解决了一般的推理审计问题,但是在审计的中间阶段没有考虑依赖关系中数据的可用性,从而会产生较多的冗余审计。该文针对多级安全数据库的推理审计问题提出了一种采用基于属性关联的方法,解决了基于FD的推理审计问题,并且解决了在审计中间阶段造成的数据冗余问题,通过进行优化提高了效率。     

Adult aging effects on semantic and episodic priming in word recognition.

Two experiments compared automatic semantic and episodic priming effects in adult aging. In the 1st experiment, target words were semantically primed; in the 2nd experiment, targets were primed by repetition of semantically unrelated words. Both experiments involved a pronunciation task with response signals at fixed times following target onset. Consequently, priming was measured as improvement in the percentage of correct responses. Priming was also calculated with speed–accuracy measures of intercept and slope. Both types of priming effect were significant in the percentage correct and slope measures, but no age group differences were found. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the priming effects were equivalent. The age-resistant nature of semantic and episodic priming, as well as evidence for a common theoretical mechanism, is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

形容词与名词的语义组合模型研究

该文首先针对传统方法研究形名组合的不足,提出了理解形名组合的基本语义模式,即事物、属性值和属性域;其次,根据形名组合的理解模式和语料库的调查,从哲学理论和语言事实角度,把名词各自分成了主体、事体、物体、时空、逻辑五个次类,把形容词分成了主体、事体、物体、时空和评价五个次类;最后,借助于计算语言学的研究思想和语义语法的理论原则,构建了形容词次类与名词次类间语义匹配的形名语义组合模型。研究结果表明该形名语义组合模型能深入细致地揭示形容词与名词的组合规律。     

Methodological issues in the validation of implicit measures: Comment on De Houwer, Teige-Mocigemba, Spruyt, and Moors (2009).

J. De Houwer, S. Teige-Mocigemba, A. Spruyt, and A. Moors’s (see record 2009-05290-001) normative analysis of implicit measures provides an excellent clarification of several conceptual ambiguities surrounding the validation and use of implicit measures. The current comment discusses an important, yet unacknowledged, implication of J. De Houwer et al.’s analysis, namely, that investigations addressing the proposed implicitness criterion (i.e., does the relevant psychological attribute influence measurement outcomes in an automatic fashion?) will be susceptible to fundamental misinterpretations if they are conducted independently of the proposed what criterion (i.e., is the measurement outcome causally produced by the psychological attribute the measurement procedure was designed to assess?). As a solution, it is proposed that experimental validation studies should be combined with a correlational approach in order to determine whether a given manipulation influenced measurement scores via variations in the relevant psychological attribute or via secondary sources of systematic variance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)